Linux Documentation

This guide introduces Linux operating system fundamentals, focusing on concepts and best practices for developers using the Codeunia Learn platform.

Overview

Linux is an open-source Unix-like OS kernel powering distributions like Ubuntu, CentOS. It offers command-line tools, scripting, and server management. Essential for development, DevOps, and system administration.

Linux Fundamentals

File System

Hierarchical structure with root /. Directories like /home, /etc, /var.

Permissions

Read, write, execute for user, group, others. chmod, chown manage permissions.

Processes

ps, top, kill manage running processes.

Users and Groups

useradd, usermod, groupadd handle accounts.

Command Line

Basic Commands

• ls: List files.
• cd: Change directory.
• cp: Copy files.
• mv: Move/rename.
• rm: Remove files.
• mkdir: Create directories.

Text Processing

grep, sed, awk manipulate text.

Package Management

apt, yum, pacman install software.

Shell Scripting

Bash scripts automate tasks with variables, loops, conditionals.

Networking

ifconfig, ping, netstat, ssh handle network operations.

System Administration

Logs in /var/log, services with systemctl, backups with rsync.

Best Practices

Use version control for configs, automate with scripts, and secure with firewalls.

Distributions

Ubuntu for beginners, CentOS for servers, Arch for customization.

Resources and References

• Linux Documentation Project
• Ubuntu Documentation
• Bash Guide

Troubleshooting

Common issues include permission errors, service failures, and disk space. Use journalctl for logs.

Development Setup

Install Linux distro, set up development tools, and use version control.